Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Short Speech on My Father

A short speech on my father is a common challenge people may face on numerous events and reasons. On the one hand, there could not be anything simpler than tell a couple of paragraphs about a person known from the birth. On the other hand, even this issue hides some pitfalls and needs a good command of basic stylistic norms. Therefore, the example of a short speech on my father will provide an excellent basis for understanding the key requirements to this type of writing. Due to my age, somebody may doubt the validity of the words I am going to say, but there is one advantage that it provides; I am already capable of assessing a figure of a father from a perspective different from the one that is usually taken by schoolchildren who want to get a good mark for a proper essay. Not aiming at getting straight A’s from you, I can confidently say that my father fulfilled three the most important functions in my life, each of which is apparently the expression of his good nature. First of all, my father set a good example of being a family caregiver. This notion embraces for me not only the financial issues but also points connected with the emotional stability of the family. Surely, I am delighted with his ability to earn a sufficient amount of money to satisfy the needs of his close ones; especially if to take into account that after graduation he started his career as a gas station worker. Despite the fact that work was consuming a great part of his time, my father had always managed to find a minute to talk with us, his sons, and express that our mother and we are much more important than work. Only years after that I have realized that all the time spent at work was sacrificed in order for us to feel comfortable. The second role taken by him was a friend. I am not sure how many people can boast about the same, but my father was a person whom I addressed in need. Even though there was a division of topics I could discuss with my peers and father, the most important and personal issues I discussed exclusively with my father. There were situations when my friends were astonished at my statement that it was my fathers advice, and even then I was proud of having such a person. The third and maybe the most important lesson my father taught me is the need to always remain a human. I will never forget a snowy night when we were returning home from our relatives and found a small kitten a hundred meters from the entrance door. My brother and I did not even try to ask to take it since we knew very well that our mother would not be happy about such a prospective. Despite this, our father brought the kitten home and promised to find a shelter for the pet the next day. He never talked about this, but showed with his own behavior that people have to help each other. All in all, I was lucky to have a caregiver, a friend, and a moral authority combined in one person. In fact, it is wrong to say that I was lucky using the past tense; I am currently lucky to have a father that will be an icon for me while upbringing my children. I sincerely hope that in a couple of decades a child of mine will deliver the speech not worse or even better than this one.

Monday, December 23, 2019

Homosexuality A Persistent And Predominant Sexual...

Homosexuality can be described as a persistent and predominant sexual attraction to persons of one’s own sex (Family Doctor, 2010). Yet, homosexuality means different things for different people. Some individuals have same-sex attractions and consider themselves to be homosexuals. Whereas others may have unwanted same-sex attractions, yet refuse to identify as homosexual due to fears or strong religious convictions. Some individuals who identify as homosexual claim to have always known that they’ve been different. They feel abnormal, like they do not fit into the heterosexual world. There are other individuals who may not discover that they are homosexual until they have married and had children. There are four aspects to consider in homosexuality: feelings, behavior, identity, and way of life. The onset of same sex-attractions happen at different times for each individual. Some claim to have experienced it early in life, early adulthood, or during a mid-life cr isis (Exodus Global Alliance, 2016). Many young individuals struggle to hide their sexuality and is coined â€Å"being in the closet†. Coming out is when an individual decides to tell family members and friends about their true sexuality. The strength of these attractions are also varied, some claiming to have strong feelings or weak feelings. Others claim they’ve always had same-sex attractions believing they were â€Å"born gay†, however there is no solid scientific evidence to support this claim (Worthen, 2016).

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Global Burden Of The Disease Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Cervical malignant neoplastic disease is a major public wellness issue ; it is the 2nd most common malignant neoplastic disease among adult females in the universe, and one of taking cause of decease by gynaecologic malignant tumor in developing states. ( I. Shahramian and co-workers 2011 ) Besides, cervical malignant neoplastic disease is one of the most preventable and curable malignant neoplastic disease when it is detected early, and this is due to its slow patterned advance, since it take several old ages to turn from a noticeable precursor lesion. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Burden Of The Disease Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This cardinal characteristic provides a big window of about 10 old ages or more for effectual early sensing of the precancerous lesion, and forestalling its patterned advance to invasive malignant neoplastic disease. From this position, good organized bar attacks have been applied by high income states over the past 50 old ages, and have resulted in a singular diminution in morbidity and mortality from this invasive disease. The showing plan is a successful illustration for effectual bar from cervical malignant neoplastic disease, it has been used in the Nordic states ( Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Sweden ) ; this plan was examined by the International Agency for Research on Cancer ( IARC ) in 1960s and it was found that the mortality rate in these states fell by about three- 4th, The most drastic lessening was marked in Iceland by 84 % and this was due to the broad mark age scope for testing in this state. ( whomb people ) However, over the same period, developing states have failed through utilizing the same plan to cut down the load of the disease, and cervical malignant neoplastic disease continues to endanger the lives of 1000s of adult females, this may be due to the deficiency of an effectual bar scheme. We will seek in this paper to reexamine the determiners of cervical malignant neoplastic disease testing among Algerian adult females, to clarify the outstanding barriers sing showing and to foreground the chief factors act uponing the single wellness behavior, for this survey, we will utilize the Health Belief Model as a conceptual model, we will explicate the construction of the Health Belief Model ( Becker ) and how the different concepts of the theoretical account could foretell the adult females ‘s wellness behavior sing cervical tumor showing, eventually the application of this theoretical account as a guiding model to anchor behavioral intercessions and to better attitude of adult females sing malignant neoplastic disease showing will be discussed. Epidemiology of cervical cancer/ planetary load of the disease Global overview Worldwide, cervical malignant neoplastic disease is the 2nd most common cause of decease among adult females ( ACCP2004 ) with an estimation of 493,000 new instances, and 274,000 deceases happening every twelvemonth harmonizing to the statistics of the International Agency for Research on Cancer ( GLOBOCAN, 2002 ) In 2008, 530000 new instances were diagnosed, more than 85 % of the planetary load were registered in developing states ( where it remains the most common malignant neoplastic disease seen in adult females and it accounts for 13 % of all female malignant neoplastic diseases ) , In the same twelvemonth, the cervical malignant neoplastic disease was responsible for 275000 deceases, approximately 88 % of which occurred in developing states 53000 instances in Africa, 31700 in Latin America and the Caribbean, and 159000 instances in Asia. ( GLOBOCAN 2008 ) The figure below shows incidence of cervical malignant neoplastic disease by state, it should be noted that informations from developing states might be underestimated as the official statistics in these states are non dependable. hypertext transfer protocol: //globocan.iarc.fr/factsheets/cancers/cervix-bar.png Regional overview Algeria is a big North African state, extended from the Mediterranean Sea down to the Sahara, with about 37 million dwellers. Algeria has a population of 11,51millions of adult females whose ages are 15 old ages and older, ( WHO/ICO2010 ) which means that about the tierce of the Algerian population is at hazard of developing cervical malignant neoplastic disease. Cervical malignant neoplastic disease is the 2nd most common malignant neoplastic disease among Algerian adult females after the chest malignant neoplastic disease, â€Å" Current estimations indicate that every twelvemonth 1398 adult females are diagnosed with cervical malignant neoplastic disease and 797 dice from the disease † ( WHO/ICO2010 ) About 10, 5 % of Algerian adult females are estimated harbour cervical HPV, and about 77, 1 % of cervical malignant neoplastic diseases in Algeria are related to HPV 16 or 18. ( WHO/ICO 2010 ) But we should observe that even these statistics might be underestimated, The economic impact of cervical malignant neoplastic disease is significantly heavy for the province. The intervention of a individual patient returns to about 2.5 million dinars ( a‚ ¬ 20,000 ) , with this cost we we can accomplish 2000 vilifications ( smear trial cost 20 a‚ ¬ ) and vaccinate 30 adult females. Natural history of cervical malignant neoplastic disease Understanding the procedure of developing cervical malignant neoplastic disease is a important measure to plan an effectual plan of bar. More than 99 % instances of cervical malignant neoplastic disease are attributed to cervical HPV infection, which is a sexually transmitted disease ( STD ) , the virus is acquired by both work forces and adult females through sexual activity, the infection is normally symptomless and transient. HPV is the most common STD in the universe ; it affects â€Å" about 50 % to 80 % of sexually active adult females at least one time in their life-time † ( ACCP 2004 ) , they contract it in their adolescent, 20 or early 30s. There are more than 100 genotypes of HPV that have been identified, and which are numbered by order of their find, approximately 13 types can take to invasive cervical malignant neoplastic disease and they are known as high oncogenic hazard ( 16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59,66 ) ( WHO 2007 ) The two most common are 16 and 18 doing about 70 % of all invasive cervical carcinoma ( 60 % related to HPV 16 and 10 % to HPV 18 ) the whom people The others types of HPV are known as low hazard and they normally associated with venereal warts ( particularly 6 and 11 ) which can turn in the venereal portion in both work forces and adult females ( neck, anus, vulva, vagina, phallus, and scrotum ) and they cause a important morbidity. ( WHO2007 ) , They are really seldom associated with cervical malignant neoplastic disease, but can take to low class alterations in cervical cells which are really similar to those caused by high hazard types. These low lesions are symptomless and impermanent, nevertheless, in some fortunes can germinate and take to high lesion or invasive malignant neoplastic disease. Table: summarizes the different phases taking to cervical malignant neoplastic disease ( ACCP2004 ) HPV infection Low-grade lesions High-grade lesions Invasive malignant neoplastic disease HPV infection is highly common among adult females of generative age. The infection can prevail, take to cervical abnormalcies, or decide on its ain. Low-grade lesions are normally impermanent and vanish over clip. Some instances, nevertheless, advancement to top-quality lesions. High-grade lesions, the precursor to cervical malignant neoplastic disease, are significantly less common than low-grade lesions. High- grade lesions can develop from low-grade 1s or straight from relentless HPV infection. Invasive malignant neoplastic disease develops over the class of several old ages and is most common among adult females in their 50s and 60s. Beginning: Adapted from PATH 2000. HPV is a necessary cause but non sufficient to come on from HPV infection to invasive cervical malignant neoplastic disease, there are other lifestyle factors that increase the chance to develop the malignant neoplastic disease including high para, immature age at first bringing, being in polygamous matrimony, adult females with hubby ‘s adulterous sexual relationship ( D. Hammouda and co-workers 2004, 2011 ) , long term usage of unwritten contraceptive method, baccy smoke, certain dietetic lacks, hapless sanitation, multiple sex spouse, low socio economic position, and life in a rural environment. In add-on, co-infection with HIV, Chlamydia Trachomatis, and Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 ( HSV 2 ) . , ( whomb people ) HPV was incriminated in many other anogenital malignant neoplastic disease ( anus, vulva, vagina, and phallus ) and malignant neoplastic diseases of the caput and cervix. Understanding that HPV is the primary implicit in cause of cervical malignant neoplastic disease has focused attending on the potency of early sensing of the infection through the cervical showing. Screening for cervical malignant neoplastic disease is based on the usage of the Papanicolaou cytology technic ( Pap smear trial ) in which doctors or nurses expose the neck by speculum and take cells from the squamous epithelial tissue and transmutation zone to observe unnatural precancerous cells. The American College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology suggest that adult females should have the first testing trial 3 old ages after the first sexual intercourse They besides recommend that adult females should go on having cytology testing annually until the age of 30, from than they can have it every 3 old ages. Harmonizing to the same college, menopausal adult females have a lower opportunity to develop unnatural cervical cells ; nevertheless, there is no upper age bound to halt the showing. ( Whom people ) Primary bar have focused on hygiene and cut downing hazards factor by â€Å" cut downing the figure of sexual spouses and promoting the usage of barrier preventive particularly rubbers, † ( ACCP2004 ) Recently a new vaccinum which has the potency to protect against certain type of HPV infection ( 16 and 18 ) has been licensed to underpin the preventative plan against cervical malignant neoplastic disease. The vaccinum has been used in many developed states and shown great consequences in cut downing the load of the disease, but it has non been introduced in Algeria yet Pap smear as a cervical malignant neoplastic disease testing trial Algeria is one of the development states where cervical malignant neoplastic disease remains a major wellness public issue. although the application of testing plan, a big population remain under screened, the result are really modest and the incidence of cervical malignant neoplastic disease is ever high and this could be contributed to the deficiency of consciousness about testing trial among adult females and some specific cultural wellness beliefs barriers, non surprisingly that big proportion of the patients are diagnosed with advanced phase of the invasive cervical malignant neoplastic disease, interestingly, even most of the wellness attention suppliers have ne’er had a pap vilification. ( ref hazard factor ) . Surveies show that comprehensive cervical malignant neoplastic disease showing is modest in low resources states ; hence a low engagement in Pap vilification and a low follow up when it is done the first clip. It has been stated that testing plan in these states and even among minorities and Aboriginal adult females faced many obstructions ; deficiency of sufficient research lab substructure, high cost of wellness attention, unequal trained wellness attention suppliers, absence of supplier ‘s recommendation and a deficiency of appropriate educational plans in these states that indicate the hazard factors of this disease, the importance of testing at early phase, and the power of the Pap smear trial to observe the disease in its premalignant phase and so the possibility of full remedy and bar. ( S.T. Tavafian 2012 ) In add-on to these financess and human resources lacks that can hindrance an effectual and organised testing intercession, there is besides the deficiency of cognition from the patients sing preventable cervical malignant neoplastic disease every bit good as the socio-cultural position barriers, such as embarrassment from pelvic scrutiny that have been argued as one of taking obstruction to non having testing trial, ( S.T. Tavafian 2012 ) another factor is the fright of topic and the entrenched belief that malignant neoplastic disease can non be cured, the deficiency of optimum cognition about testing patterns ; this utmost fatalistic attitude about malignant neoplastic disease among different states lead adult females to see diagnosing as a â€Å" decease sentence † and so the turning away of the trial, ( V.Thomas and co-workers 2005 ) there is besides undertakings identified spiritual beliefs, the limited linguistic communication ability as another major perceived barrier, t he deficiency of societal support, the low socio economic position and the unequal functional wellness literacy. There is a survey that has been conducted in Spanish among low income Latinas, that found that adult females with unequal functional wellness literacy are 16 times less likely to have a Pap smear trial ( S.T. Tavafian 2012 ) It has been illustrated that Individual ‘s beliefs, cultural background, cognition about a peculiar unwellness are significantly interconnected with the health care seeking and wellness promotional behavior, Al-Neggar and his co-workers concluded that some misconceptions and incorrect beliefs may carry on to the hapless pattern of cervical malignant neoplastic disease testing among adult females, despite the equal cognition sing the hazard factors ( Al-Neggar and co-worker ( 2010 ) . One of theoretical theoretical accounts that could be used to place the determiner of malignant neoplastic disease showing and measure the influence of people ‘s beliefs on their determinations to take up malignant neoplastic disease showing is the wellness belief theoretical account. Harmonizing to the constructs of this theoretical account, persons are more likely to take up testing if they are motivated plenty about their wellness, and they regard themselves as susceptible to develop malignant neoplastic disease, believe that effectual intercession would be good to cut down the susceptibleness and the badness of the status. Health belief theoretical account as a theoretical model for foretelling behavior The wellness belief theoretical account is one of the theory the most normally used in wellness publicity and wellness instruction, ( chapter 4 ) it was developed in the early 1950s by a group of societal psychologists to explicate the widespread failure of people to follow the disease preventative plans suggested and testing trial recommended to observe and forestall the disease at its symptomless phase, Subsequently it was applied to analyze the response of patients to diagnosed disease and their conformity with prescribed medical regimens. ( Nancy and co-workers 1984 ) This theoretical account aims to explicate the patient ‘s ideas procedure behind his preventative attitude instead than his behavior after acquiring the unwellness. The underlying construct of the theoretical account is that wellness behavior and willingness of people to prosecute in a preventative plan or to take up a screening trial are determined by personal beliefs and perceptual experience of the disease in add-on to the different resources available to forestall its happening, ( chapter 4 ) The theoretical account provides guidelines to develop schemes for effectual intercession and execution by leting contrivers to understand the grounds for non conformity with the recommended suggested preventative systems. This theoretical account assumes that person ‘s wellness behavior is determined by five psychological factors: perceived susceptibleness, perceived earnestness, ref perceived benefits and perceived barriers to effectual conformity ; cues to set into action, late, there are others concepts that have been added to the theoretical account called modifying or actuating factors such as mass media enterprises, run, personal stuffs, societal support, wellness professional and self-efficacy. ( V.Thomas and collegues 2005 ) Copier le tableau Articulation of cervical malignant neoplastic disease testing behavior to the HBM model In this subdivision ; I will seek through the concepts of the Health Belief Model to explicate the relationship between adult females ‘s belief and wellness behavior in Algeria Perceived susceptibleness: personal hazard or susceptibleness is referred to the personal belief about the likeliness of undertaking a disease ( S.T. Tavafian 2012 ) , it is one of the most powerful factor that influence people to follow a healthy behavior, â€Å" the greater the perceived hazard, the greater the likeliness of prosecuting in behaviors to diminish the hazard ( chapter4 ) . For testing plan, adult female will be interested to take up a smear trial if she is cognizant plenty of the possibility to acquire cervical malignant neoplastic disease by undertaking HPV infection, and that she is exposed to this hazard every bit long as she is sexually active. The HBM predicts that adult females are more likely to follow with cervical malignant neoplastic disease testing recommendation if they believe that they have risk factor of cervical malignant neoplastic disease ( Glanz et and co-workers 2008 ) , and frailty versa, the belief of non being at hazard for cervical malignant neoplastic disease or HPV infection preclude ( deter, empeche ) adult females to prosecute in such plan, And this is why most virgin adult females in Algeria underestimate the necessity ( believe the futility ) of smear trial as they think they are protected from the hazard of HPV infection because they are non married. Or in other words, because there is no sexual intercourse, virgin adult female does non comprehend her exposure to cervical malignant neoplastic disease, although surveies show that HPV has been found in some female virgins, which means that the virus does non ever necessitate perforating sex to be transmitted, And that it may be spread through non pe rforating sexual contact ; and even within married adult females, the construct that HPV infection is related to multiple sex spouse make them believe they are safe from the hazard since they have one spouse, disregarding the hubby sexual behavior, as many work forces in Algeria have adulterous sexual relationship underground that the married woman unawares, and so she does n’t see herself as susceptible to the hazard. Another badgering factor is that youngest adult females consider malignant neoplastic disease to be an aged disease, while older adult females harmonizing to cervical showing age bound might believe that they are no longer at hazard ref ( V.Thomas 2005 ) , and so there is a incorrect perceive of susceptibleness. Perceived badness: refers to the earnestness of the disease as assessed by the patient, it is normally based on medical information or personal cognition from telecasting, wireless or cusps, or it may come from the belief of a individual about the effects that would make a peculiar disease whatever clinical such as decease, disablement, or societal like household life and societal dealingss ( chapter4 ) , ( S.T. Tavafian 2012 ) , For testing trial, if adult females believe that cervical tumor is a terrible disease that would take to serious troubles for her and her household, she will see bar as a precedence and so she is more likely to have a Pap smear trial. Besides holding knowledge about Pap smear trial and its importance to observe the invasive disease at early phase will actuate her to have one, because many adult females realise the badness of cervical malignant neoplastic disease but lack cognition of testing plan, and available service. Despite the acknowledgment that cervical malignant neoplastic disease is a serious issue, most of adult females in Algeria believe that there is no intervention, which make them see testing trial as futile and this possibly reflects the spiritual beliefs and the cultural background that may act upon their attitude, Algeria population as most of Muslims agree that unwellness, recovery and decease are all determined from God, so â€Å" The bulk believe that testing would non protract their lives and when the clip of decease comes no 1 can force it off † ( K, Salman2011 ) Another point is that the fright from possibility of designation unnatural cells would needfully take to other probes frequently influence the willingness of the adult females to go to, particularly when there is no 1 to watch the kids during the showing and the deficiency of important support. ( chapter4 ) In Algeria, as in many other Arabic states, â€Å" malignant neoplastic disease showing is normally recommended for diagnostic intents instead than being used as a tool for secondary bar † ( K, Salman2011 ) most of adult females consider the absence of seeable symptoms as a mark of good wellness hence they do non seek wellness attention unless the disease manifests itself and starts to disenable her day-to-day activities, and so the malignant neoplastic disease is frequently diagnosed at its advanced phase. Perceived benefits is about the individual ‘s sentiment on how much may new behaviour lessening the hazard of a peculiar disease, the HBM predicts that most people have tendency to follow new behavior which is seen as a healthy behavior when they believe the capableness of this new behavior to diminish their hazard of developing a disease ( Glanz and Colleagues 2008 ) Perceived benefits play a major function in the acceptance of secondary preventative intercessions such as showing, for illustration, if adult females believe that Pap smear is of import for early sensing of the precancerous lesions and bar of malignant neoplastic disease that will actuate them to take part in secondary bar pattern by seeking cheques up and periodic showing. Therefore adult females are non expected to prosecute in any screening plan unless they perceive that this plan is potentially good to cut down the hazard, and so wellness attention suppliers should explicate to the patient the ability of testing trial to observe alterations in neck before they develop to malignant neoplastic disease, which make intervention easier and bar effectual. Sensed barriers: relate to the person ‘s vision of the obstructions he will confront if he decides to follow a new behavior. In order to set about a recommended behavior, a individual needs to believe that the benefits expected from it outweigh the results of his old behavior ; this enables him to get the better of the sensed barriers and to follow the new behavior ( chapter4 ) For illustration, if adult female believes that benefits of undergoing a screening trial outweigh the obstructions that she may confront, she is more likely to obtain Pap trial. Previous surveies have showed that adult females who perceived the Pap smear testing as a painful and awkward procedure were less likely to obtain cervical malignant neoplastic disease showing, in the same surveies adult females reported many cause that deter them to take the action, such as a negative old experience, included hurting, hemorrhage, or being faced with inexperient practician who did n’t explicate the process to them during taking the sample, linguistic communication troubles was another barrier due the perceive that she will be unable to pass on decently with the wellness attention supplier, and to construct a trusting relationship. Even those who appreciated the necessity of the showing, the fright of the trial procedure was a great obstruction for them, as most of adult females find it uncomfortable, and perceive the metal speculum as a painful instrument. ( Abdullah 2009 ) Shyness is another major hinderance that may discourage testing procedure, and It is really common for adult females to decline to uncover her organic structure parts to undergo a physical test or a medical processs particularly when the wellness supplier is a adult male, and even the treatment about a sensitive wellness issue like matrimonial relationship, sexual activity and reproductively is regarded as really private, and should n’t be disclosed to other people, particularly work forces, and even hubby may sometimes non be involved in his married woman ‘s wellness issue if it is related to her generative variety meats. ( K, Salman2011 ) Cues to action: are the ensemble of events, things, people that motivate a individual to alter his behavior, and this can be aggregate media such as telecasting, wireless, advice from a household or friends, cusps, information booklet, runs, recommendation from wellness supplier, ( chapter4 ) Womans are more likely to take up a pap trial if she receives adequate information about the benefits of the trial from her GP or Gynaecologist, if she receives advice from another adult female who had the trial, if she is encouraged by a member of her household particularly the hubby or if she knows person in her cortege with a history of malignant neoplastic disease, all those factors are susceptible to cut down the sensed barriers to malignant neoplastic disease showing. Perceived self-efficacy: it refers to the belief of the individual in his ain ability to follow the behavior required, because people by and large do n’t prosecute in making something unless they believe they are able to accomplish it. ( Chapter 4 ) Modifying factors: in add-on to what it has been already said, There are other factors that seem to act upon the willingness of adult females to take up the trial such as unequal cognition about the showing, deficiency of swearing relationship with the wellness provide, deficiency of assurance in the importance of the trial, high cost of the trial, fright of the consequence of the trial and superstitious notion that speaking about malignant neoplastic disease would convey it, some stigmata imposed by the community and even sometimes the household that cervical malignant neoplastic disease is related to promiscuousness, Perception of the Pap vilification as a menace for the adult female ‘s virginity, some fatalistic attitude that unwellness, recovery and decease are associating to â€Å" god ‘s will † and that testing trial is futile, Low socioeconomic position, deficiency of societal support, poorness, deficiency of wellness insurance ( J.Hatcher and co-workers 201 1 ) , childhood sexual maltreatment, fleshiness, low degrees of instruction, kid attention, deficiency of transit. Cervical malignant neoplastic disease screening- publicity intercessions based on HBM Today, the HBM is used by many research workers to guideline the development of schemes for effectual wellness intercession, In this subdivision, I will seek to summarize some determination from the different intercessions based HBM that push me to propose this theoretical account to better adult females ‘s behavior in Algeria. The wellness belief theoretical account has been used by several survey, entirely or combined with other wellness publicity theoretical accounts to and to better belief and behavior among adult females sing the showing plan, an illustration of this survey, has been conducted in Iran, in 2010, this survey showed that the â€Å" HBM has formed the footing for an interventional plan to better behavior among Persian adult females † , ( S.Tavafian2012 ) , The survey was conducted with 70 volunteers- aged between 16 and 54 old ages, and they had ne’er received Pap trial, the participants were divided into many little groups, and each group underwent a session of 2 hr preparation. For the informations aggregation tool, a self-administered multi-choice questionnaire was developed based on the constructs of the HBM. The personal belief and wellness pattern of all the adult females were assessed pre intercession and four months subsequently, the findings reported that wellness in struction based on HBM concept was effectual, and could advance the participant ‘s cognition and better the different constituents of the theoretical account ( sensed susceptibleness, badness, benefits, and barriers ) .The developing plan that has been used enhanced the willingness of adult females to pattern the testing trial significantly. The survey concluded to the fact that instruction plan based on HBM concepts can alter adult females ‘s wellness beliefs, heighten their cognition about the cervical malignant neoplastic disease and the screening trial, and actuate them to follow a new behavior. ( S.Tavafian2012 ) Another survey in Somali was about an educational programme about the intent of the screening trial, to promote Somalis to set about the trial. The participants praised the enterprise and suggested that such information should be provided in a community scene, because it would assist adult females to comprehend the value of the trial, and to get the better of the different fatalistic barriers to testing. further, Participants suggested bettering the consciousness of testing among adult females via mass media: Television, wireless, picture, DVDs, CDs and audiotapes ( Abdullahi, 2009 ) , Health publicity ( ACCP 2004 ) ( reexamine the rubric ) There is a deficiency of information sing wellness publicity theoretical accounts that have been used to act upon wellness behavior among adult females in Algeria, and even there is no description how the intercession methods were selected, Alliance for Cervical Cancer Prevention ( ACCP ) consists of five international wellness organisations who portion all the same end to forestall cervical malignant neoplastic disease in limited-resource countries.it aims through its undertakings to implement an effectual bar schemes to understate the load of the cervical malignant neoplastic disease.unfortunately, Algeria has non been included in this enterprise, through my reappraisal of this manual, I would propose it as an attack to better adult females ‘s wellness is Algeria and to advance wellness service bringing. Many method of diagnostic, testing and intervention are presently used. And each of them has strengths and restrictions, this method should be reviewed to pick up the most appropriate for the patient, for the showing for illustration the Pap smear trial is the most normally used, this trial requires multiple and regular visit from the client, which can be a barrier for the adult female to go to it, The ACCP suggest some alternate attack with better sensitiveness and specificity such as Human papillomavirus ( HPV ) DNA proving, or ocular showing, a low cost method with an immediate consequence. As a wellness attention installation, they suggest to unite the intervention of precancerous lesions to the showing procedure, and suggest some effectual and safe methods that should be performed by doctor and non physician. These intervention methods allow remedy and histological confirmation at the same clip, it has been shown that this enterprise was praised by adult females and suppliers every bit good, and it has a great consequence to take down rate morbidity. The combination of both effectual showing attack and intervention would get the better of the restriction. Facility adult females ‘s entree to precancer intervention services, through choosing a plan to associate testing services to precancer intervention services. This would increase the effectivity and promote adult female to follow up. Achieving widespread testing coverage of the mark population by choice of well-organised bar attack. And this may include the policymakers and governments who should promote the investing in cervical malignant neoplastic disease bar Planing an effectual bar intercession: Planing a bar plan requires a coordination between a multidisciplinary direction squad, that include clinical, administrative, and preparation specializers. To accomplish the plan ‘s aim, the squad members should follow a participatory procedure which includes besides the position of laic people who are concerned by the result of this plan, and this will let accomplishing a high showing coverage with satisfactory consequence. Bettering wellness services and laboratory substructures: bringing services should be accessible, acceptable, low-cost, and dependable to fulfill the client and guarantee a high coverage of the population mark Training: Ensuring Performance to Standard Ensure to measure up a competent staff and wellness supplier, to pull client to utilize the installations available and this would go on by developing session that enable supplier to confidently offer dependable services Supplying Information and Counselling to Address Community and Client Needs Women mark group should be informed enough the benefits of showing and handiness of bar services to increase the effectivity of the plan, and this could go on by direct contact between adult female and wellness worker or through aggregate media and run, Social web intercessions, mailed invitation missive for showing and reminders, information booklet which are really popular to distribute information about wellness subjects. It has been stated that direct supplier contact is more effectual to increase the usage of bar services as the single guidance will turn to concerns and emotional demand and should be more convincing Overview of showing, intervention and Palliative Care services of cervical malignant neoplastic disease Cervical malignant neoplastic disease showing services, cervical malignant neoplastic disease intervention, and alleviative attention services should be continuously linked to guarantee the effectivity of the plan. Decision Plans should be planned strategically, be based on realistic appraisal of demands and capacities, and use the most recent grounds on showing and intervention attacks. ie hapless public presentation of cervical malignant neoplastic disease bar plans in some limited-resource scenes has most oi‚?en been the consequence of hapless planning and execution and deficiency of systems for ongoing monitoring and rating, irrespective of the screening trial or intervention methods used. Establishing mechanisms and procedures to back up and prolong each constituent of a plan will travel far to guaranting that services are effectual, accessible, and acceptable to adult females who need them. How to cite Global Burden Of The Disease Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Plato Myth of the Cave free essay sample

This paper will describe the learning experience of my interviewees while translating what The Myth of the Cave by Plato means to them. Further, it will discuss the similarities and differences between the responses received from my interviewees based on my discussion of The Myth of the Cave by Plato as read in Twenty Questions: An Introduction to Philosophy. For this paper, I interviewed a group of my peers at work. My company Bombardier makes trains and planes. I was a Senior Project Administrator for a project at New Jersey Transit where thirty-six (36) dual electrical/diesel locomotives were implemented to their train fleet. I recently was promoted and moved to Fayetteville, GA. My former work unit consisted of seven (7) people. The members of this group came from different countries and I was the only American in this work unit. I felt that based on the cultural and educational differences of the interviewees involved, I would receive unique responses to the question: What is the meaning of Plato’s Myth of the Cave? I chose the five (5) engineers in our group for this paper. The interview began as a group where I described The Myth of the Cave by Plato based on my reading in Twenty Questions: An Introduction to Philosophy. I described the story as follows: There are a group of men, prisoners, their hands and legs are shackled by chains. Moreover, the movement of their head and face is also restricted, so that they can see nothing but the wall in front of them. This restricted movement limits their visibility to the wall, thus circumscribing the scope of any encounter beyond it. There is an enormous fire on the ground, and between the wall and the fire is a walkway meant for objects to pass. The shadows of these objects fall directly on the wall providing the sole view for the prisoners. The only way for the prisoners to get acquainted with their surroundings is to decipher the shadows and consider them to be a part of the real world. They start naming each and every object, and amongst all the prisoners, the intellect of an individual is governed by his ability to judge those objects. Later, one prisoner is freed of the shackles and gets to see the outside world. What he encounters is beyond his comprehension. He is accustomed to dim light, and the light of the sun hurt his eyes. But slowly he would get accustomed to the existence of the new world and discover true reality and the beauty of Mother Nature. When the prisoner returns to the cave to share the news of the truth he has just discovered, he tries to persuade his companions that there is a â€Å"real† outside world, and what all has been seen by them are mere shadows of the real objects. But the other prisoners resist his enlightenment and condemn him. In addition, we watched a You Tube video with an animated version of The Myth of the Cave by Plato to give my interviewees a visual interpretation as well as verbal description of the story. Once my story and video were completed, we discussed the meaning of the myth of cave as a team and debated about the moral of the story. After, I asked my interviewees to write down their personal thoughts of the story for individual discussion. My first interviewee is named Graziella Spizzi. She is twenty-eight (28) years old from Zurich, Switzerland. She is an Electrical Engineer at my company. She feels the myth of the cave is a symbolic way of showing how people are enlightened. She states that there are two main characters, those making the shadows and the prisoners. The people casting the shadows are trying to pass on what their ancestors taught them. The same shadows were once cast to them. The prisoners are chained in chains that represent conformity. She believes as the prisoners learn the shadows and the order in which they go in the chains are loosened. When a prisoner is able to recite the shadows in the order in which they appear they are released in order to share that same information with future generations(G. Spizzi, personal communication, May 25, 2011). My second interviewee is Markus Schaefer. He is forty-three (43) years old from Niedermollrich, Hessen, Germany. He is a Mechanical Engineer at our company. He believes it describes our fear of exploring outside our safety zone. We get locked and chained by our own fear. Markus stated that in psychology there is a process called subception whereby we disallow any incoming data at the source so that it doesn’t ever enter the conscious mind. In his example he stated that some people need the safety of believing that they can only rely on themselves so much so that they do not see when other people needing charity (M. Schaefer, personal communication, May 25, 2011). My third interviewee is Ennio Luchessa. He is forty-five (45) years old born in Zurich, Switzerland but raised in Northern Italy. He is a Technical Engineer at our company. He states the myth of the cave expresses how the prisoners in the dark cave were ignorant people and if brought into the light outside became informed individuals. Ennio feels that humans in general are trapped into they own world, not allowing outside influences that may enrich them to come in. He feels we have a duty to experience everything that the world has to offer and if possible afford this opportunity to others (E. Luchessa, personal communication, May 25, 2011). My fourth interviewee is Hector Martinez-Cabanes. He is twenty-six (26) years old from Villaviciosa de Odon, Madrid, Spain. He is an Electrical/Mechanical Engineer at our company. He also feels the meaning of the myth of cave was the prisoners in the dark cave represented ignorance in society in general. Hector believes that once the prisoners are brought into the â€Å"light† from the dark they are freed from their preconceived beliefs and can realize the world for what it really is and then choose what is better for them (H. Martinez-Cabanes, personal communication, May 25, 2011). My fifth interviewee is Volker Goltz. He is forty-one (41) years old from Kassel, Germany. He is a Technical Engineer at our company. He states that Plato was conveying that the real world can be correctly apprehended only intellectually, not physically. Volker furthers his claims by asserting that knowledge cannot be transferred from teacher to student through memorization-driven education and Plato’s belief of discovery-guided learning gives students the best possible advantage to discover the world for themselves and formulate what is true, real and important (V. Goltz, personal communication, May 25, 2011). All the interviewees agreed that the myth of the cave was about enlightenment. The differences it their responses occur with how the enlightenment may come about. Most responses convey that one must experience something and not only judge something from the way it looks or what they have heard. One must first live in someones shoes before they are able to feel what they feel and understand how they live. Most importantly, never judge something by its cover and from the outside. For me, at first I agreed most with Hector’s response to the meaning of the myth of the cave. My decision changed once I thoroughly reviewed the interview with Volker. His response to the meaning of the myth of the cave that the real world can be correctly apprehended only intellectually especially through discovery-guided learning seemed logical to me. My decision is based on children, when they are young they believe what they are told by adults never questioning. As the child grows they begin to learn and experience things about the world that may differ from what they have been taught. As teenagers, most rebel against their parents for the chance to discovery the world for themselves, not as the world has been interpreted to them. As young adults and into adulthood, they are able to have their own opinions and formulate what is true, real, and important. Further, most of these opinions are commingled with the things taught to them in youth, which during their life journey have been proven to be true. Overall, the group believed that most people prefer to remain in chains and to see only shadows of the truth. Only the wise are willing to free themselves from the chains and look for the truth even if it is blinding at first. I believe through discovery-guided learning versus memory-driven education beginning in kindergarten will help develop more informed, open-minded, and outside the box thinkers in the future.

Friday, November 29, 2019

Strategic Actions Adopted by AirAsi free essay sample

AirAsia is a Malaysian company that introduced the Low-Cost Carrier service to the domestic market and eventually the Asian region. Currently, AirAsia is the leader in this market segment. We can categorize AirAsia as a first-mover in this industry. That is because the owner takes an initial competitive action in order to build or defense its competitive advantages or to improve its market position. Before it becomes the AirAsia that we know today, AirAsia was a poorly performed company owned by a government-link-company (GLC) in Malaysia, DRB-HICOM. In 2001, it was sold to the current owner, Tan Sri Tony Fernandes founded of Tune Air Sdn. Bhd. for a sum of only RM1.00 (USD 0.25 cents), and agreed to take on the airline’s RM400 million debt. Within 2year, Tony Fernandes exceeds everyone’s expectation and turned AirAsia into a profit-making company. By the third year, it was listed in Kuala Lumpur bourse with outstanding IPO (Initial Public Offer) of RM717. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Actions Adopted by AirAsi or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 4 million (The AirAsia Family, 2017)The Slogan of AirAsia goes as Now Everyone Can Fly. It is now the leading airline that was established in the year 2001 with the dream of making flying possible and achievable by everyone around any corner of the world. AirAsia managed to become one of the leading airline service providers despite facing the difficulties during the period of recession. They managed to create route networks that cover more than 20 countries which enables the consumers to travel around the globe. The vision of the leading airline company AirAsia is to be the largest low-cost airline in Asia and serving the 3 billion people who are currently underserved with poor connectivity and high fares. This shows that the airline is focusing on the middle-income earners as their target market.The missions of the AirAsia will be inspiring to many companies. One of the core mission of the airline company is to be the best company to work for whereby employees are treated as part of a big family. Besides that, another mission of the company is to create a globally recognized ASEAN brand. This will be a proud statement for the company that originates from Malaysia which enables the country to rise higher in the global arena. Another mission of AirAsia is to attain the lowest cost so that everyone can fly with AirAsia. They are actually flying their talk because the one-way tickets are sold at a remarkable price of RM 1 as the Marketing Director of AirAsia, the task has been given by the Managing Director to explain the impact of consumer buying process and its application to a marketer.

Monday, November 25, 2019

The Commodity Purchase Role for Warner-Robbins Agent Essays

The Commodity Purchase Role for Warner-Robbins Agent Essays The Commodity Purchase Role for Warner-Robbins Agent Paper The Commodity Purchase Role for Warner-Robbins Agent Paper 1. What are your goals in this case? Why? My main goal in this case is to acquire all 100,000 pheasant eggs for Warner-Robbins. There is one commodity broker; as the agent I need to purchase the eggs, otherwise Warner-Robbins is unable to produce the product. I have to keep in mind, that Warner-Robbins is creating a vaccine to save babies who have low birth weight or other birth risk. If I lose this bid, the company will be at a great loss. The price is also a major factor-I must stay under $2, but also negotiating the lowest price possible. Purchasing the pheasant eggs from the broker will also provide me with a compensation of $5,000 if I buy at least 70,000 eggs. Less than the minimum would not be able to produce enough to run the compound commercially. 2. What concerns do you have going into the negotiation? Why? My main concern is my competitor Galaxo- they may have learned of the source of the infant hardiness compound, and is about to bring a competing product to the market. Galaxo might be willing to pay more than $2 per egg in order to market the drug before Warner-Robbins. Since, I have a limited budget of $2 per eggs; this will hinder my ability to buy the eggs. Galaxo may have the purchasing power if their budget is higher. 3. What will be my opening strategy? Why? It’s imperative to listen to all the parties that are interested in buying the pheasant eggs. The buyers have different motives, so it’s important to listen first to build a strong negotiation stance. It’s extremely important to listen to Galaxo’s reason for wanting the eggs. After hearing all the reasons and interests from the other buyers, I will explain the reason I need the pheasant eggs to the broker. Informing the broker that the eggs are needed to save babies lives might give an advantage over the other buyers. Another important factor is allowing the other buyers to bid first, so I can bid higher, while keeping the unit price of $2 or less per egg. 4. Are there ethical considerations in this case? Why or why not? I don’t think there are ethical considerations in this case because Warner-Robbins is trying to create a compound that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to save babies who have low birth weight or other risks.

Friday, November 22, 2019

CCEI083W Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CCEI083W - Essay Example I also maintain good communication with my preschooler’s parents in order to guarantee their well being. Finally, I ensure that I am in a good position to discuss problematic behaviours of my preschoolers with their parents in a positive, helpful manner. In order to encourage family involvement in classroom activities, I encourage parents to be clients of the program. This grants them a chance to say what they like or do not like about the program. They also offer bright ideas by acting as clients to the program. Also, I request the parents of my preschoolers to volunteers to some of the school programs. For instance, I ask some of the parents to help in serving snacks for students or contribute toys that they think might help their children learn. Finally, I have included myself on the teacher-parent association in order to contribute to the local politics that parents bring up concerning their children’s learning. Through this, I share with the parents the importance of their children’s learning. I support the relationships of my preschoolers and their families by incorporating both classroom activities and home activities that include both the student and their parents. Such activities ensure that they children and their parents have worked together to complete the assignment. For instance, during sports day, I ask the parent to run for a designated distance while carrying their infants. I give my students assignments concerning their parents, whom they have to ask in order to complete it. Such assignments include briefly describing what your mother or father does at work or how their parents’ childhood was. I also provide a diary for parents to sign to ensure that their child has completed his/her homework given. This will ensure that the parent has checked to ensure that the homework was tackled successfully. Whenever parents to my preschoolers’ parents are in school, I

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Court analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Court analysis - Essay Example language of the court, are provided interpreters by the Courts who interpret the language of the accused and the defendant in order to come to the bottom of the case. The judge relies heavily on the language used by the interpreter in order to write down his judgment and provide his theory of justice with respect to the pertaining case. One of the major shortcomings of this process off later has been privatization. In the current context the process of interpreting the dialogue of an accused or a witness inside the Court has bee privatized in most of the countries as of today, including England. And there have been some negative results of this trade, as the courts are not satisfied that the kind of work these private agencies are doing is upto the minimum standard of the Courts. It has also been alleged that those who all are working as interpreters in the Court of England have been handled very badly and have not been treated well enough by the agency, which hired them. One of the other trends, which have been significant off late in the field of interpretation services in Courts, is the fact that the art of Court interpretation has been heavily institutionalized by the private sector. The private sector has been playing the dominant role in making this process completely seamless in the way it functions. The future management issues pertaining to interpretation of language in Courts consists of improving the pay scale of the interpreters along with trying to include more and more people into the institution who are well qualified to take up the job of interpretation. The future requires a well-qualified stream of interpreters who are able to take up the job of interpretation in an extremely skilled and smart manner. These interpreters should have a judicial knowledge of the laws pertaining to the case and should be able to give the judge an unbiased and honest view of the case. It is imperative to have skilled interpreters who are able to take up this

Monday, November 18, 2019

Network Architecture Selection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Network Architecture Selection - Essay Example However, it must be noted that there is no one type of architecture that may be considered the correct choice. Such choice relies on the consideration of several factors as well as on weighing such factors. Network architecture selection, according to Palley, should take into consideration the following factors: Frequency of use of global data entails considering whether the use or sharing of data is localized. Basically, if data is to be shared by elements on a wider geographical area, much consideration must be given to the choice of architecture (i.e. ring/hierarchical). However, if the use of data is primarily localized, then such factor should not be much of an issue. Secondly, if global data is dynamic or heavily updated, considerations need to be made since the redundancy of data may lead to combinatorial update problems and data integrity problems. However, if data is static, redundancy of data would not be a problem; and "replicated" global data would be appropriate. Also, one needs to consider whether quick responses are needed when exchange of data occurs. In cases when response times are significant, the discussion of network efficiency becomes vital to the development and planning of the network. Undoubtedly, the size of the network should also be considered together with the o ther factors cited. Also, the budget given for the planning of the network is likewise vital since certain types of network architectures are more expensive than others. Lastly, one must anticipate future changes to the network as there are updates that need to be made every so often. The case of Blue Skies Inc. is to be discussed in this paper. Blue Skies Inc. is an organization that is currently considering expanding its services throughout the United States. Based in Des Moines, the company plans to open at least two reservation counters in every U.S. city with a population over 800,000, and create a Web site where customers can make reservations online. In such an environment, Blue Skies expects that they will handle 200,000 transactions on a daily basis. As such, the company requires the setting up of a network that can efficiently handle the aforementioned volume of transactions. Specifically, the appropriate choice of network architecture that will meet the needs of the organization must be determined. The choice of network architecture entails choosing either a terminal services or a mainframe based network. Before selecting the appropriate network architecture, the distinction between the two options must first be identified. Also, the known advantages of each of the two types of architectures must likewise be stated. According to Software Diversified Services (SDS), "Mainframes used to be defined by their size, and they can still fill a room, cost millions, and support thousands of users. But now a mainframe can also run on a laptop and support two users. So today's mainframes are best defined by their operating systems: Unix and Linux, and IBM's z/OS, OS/390, MVS, VM, and VSE." Also, John Campbell identifies three features that a mainframe based

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Phoenician Society: Seafaring and Maritime Knowledge

Phoenician Society: Seafaring and Maritime Knowledge Discuss the role of seafaring and maritime knowledge within Phoenician society and its expansion. Introduction As a people the Phoenicians endured for some three thousand years and were already flourishing by 3,000 B.C. but it was not until about 1100 B.C., with the demise of the existing dominant peoples in the area, that the Phoenicians came to the fore as a significant force. From this time, until around 600 B.C., they dominated the Mediterranean by trading and establishing colonies one of the most important being Carthage. The success of their culture seems mainly to have been due to the proximity of the Mediterranean that encouraged dependence on seafaring and trade. Indeed, as Holst[1] indicates, international trade formed part of the guiding principles on which the Phoenician civilization was founded that also included a commitment to resilient partnerships, peaceful settlement of disputes, equality, privacy, religious freedom and respect of women. Although the majority of Phoenician trade was initially land based, a significant amount began to take place by sea[2] testified by the we alth of Tyre that, along with Byblos, Sidon, Arados and Simyra, were the main home-based Phoenician sea ports. Initially, Phoenician sea trade was mainly with the Greeks involving glass, slaves and Tyrian purple dye made from a sea shell called Murex and textiles coloured with such dyes formed one of the main Phoenician exports. Most of the major Mediterranean countries were involved in trade with the Phoenicians that included such commodities as cotton, timber, wool, precious stones, embroidery, wine, corn and various other foodstuff including spices whereas countries as far away as Spain traded metals such as tin, iron and lead.[3] The Importance of Trade Trade and colonisation originally centred on bartering indigenous timber as well as fishing skills, the latter of which is thought to have provided the competence for later seafaring abilities.[4] The far reaching sea trade of the Phoenicians took two forms – with existing Phoenician colonies and countries in navigable reach. The colonies provided a means by which the home country could be assured of supplies of goods deemed essential. In this respect, Cyprus became a colony to ensure the supply of wood and copper, Sardinia and Spain for useful metals. In return for such goods, Phoenicia supplied such finished items as cotton and linen, pottery, ornaments, weapons, and glass. It was not, however, just with the Mediterranean that trade occurred but also with the Propontis and ports within the Black Sea.[5] The dominance of Phoenicians in seafaring has not gone without criticism however as early reports of such supremacy in Homer’s Odyssey, and also by Herodotus, has been viewed by some modern commentators as erroneous.[6] The extent of Phoenician preeminence in this respect seems to have been settled by Bass’s underwater excavations of the Cape Gelidonya wreck that highlights the extent of Phoenician trade.[7] The archaeological evidence from this excavation seems therefore to support the dominance of Phoenician seafaring from 1200 B.C. onwards. The recent discovery of two exceptionally large Phoenician merchant ships adds further substance to this view.[8] It is probable that the Phoenician maritime empire was preceded by trade with various outposts throughout the Mediterranean or otherwise began as safe anchorage points along the coast.[9] It was only later that these places became colonies set up to protect Phoenician interests that required ships of war which, unlike merchant vessels were employed all year round,[10] to protect both colonies and trade routes. The Phoenician character of many of these ports was lost due to the rise and dominance of other powers such as the Greeks and Romans that has masked the extent of Phoenician influence. Importantly, trade by sea was linked to specialist product areas that otherwise would not have come together that allowed the Phoenicians to establish a rate of exchange to their advantage.[11] Transportation of various metals available in the western Mediterranean by sea, such as Spanish silver, thus allowed the Phoenicians to link the demand in the east, from countries like Assyria etc., to the raw material centres of the west. The Phoenicians also took advantage of turning the raw materials transported from the west into quality refined goods to be later exported. These products, because they tended to be more refined and better quality than what most other countries could supply, were therefore much sought after and such goods have been found in western ports such as Carthage.[12] Moreover, the direct sea route through the Mediterranean provided the best means of direct and efficient transport of materials and products and the extent of this trade along the Mediterranean is confirmed by the fact that Phoenician coins came to be manufactured in Tyre from the fifth century B.C. onwards.[13] The Extent of Phoenician Trade Links It is thought that the growth in Assyrian power and pressure on the coastal cities first led the Phoenicians to turn to seafaring.[14] In this respect, Assyrian power is thought to have blocked access to resources to the east to the extent that the Phoenicians were obliged to turn west towards the Mediterranean for raw materials.[15] Others, however, contend that it was the growth in Assyrian wealth and power that stimulated Phoenician interest in Mediterranean seafaring because of the increased demands for products.[16] This could have likewise been hastened by the economic growth and increased demand of Tyre and other Phoenician ports for raw materials. It is likely, however, that rather than one factor there was a set of interrelated events involving political, historical, economic criteria that led to the Pheonician exploitation of the Mediterranean. Indeed, Tyre and associated ports were ideally situated to act as a conduit through which the products and resources of the Mediter ranean and countries to the east could be exchanged.[17] Moreover, a massive investment in time and resources would have been required to mount expeditions throughout the Mediterranean by sea that suggests Tyre was economically and politically secure. The exploits of the Phoenicians in the Mediterranean should not be viewed as exploration as most of the main sea routes had been charted during the Bronze Age. Rather the Phoenicians were able to use and improve their maritime skills to become the dominant force in the Mediterranean for six hundred years. Yet, there are reports that they ventured much further afield which suggest exploration was part of a general outlook. For example, Herodotus reports that they sailed down the Red Sea to circumnavigate Africa returning via the Straits of Gibraltar.[18] Some even propose that they may have voyaged as far as southern Britain to acquire Cornish tin but this was probably based on indirect rather than direct trade.[19] In this respect, reports of a tin ingot discovered in a Cornish harbour similar to those of ancient Crete remain controversial.[20] The Veneti of Brittany may also have actually been Phoenicians who controlled the trade route to Britain and were thought to be adept seafare rs. The control of trade routes seems to have been a characteristic of Phoenician dominance in that this allowed more exclusive access to resources around and outside the Mediterranean that helped to reinforce Phoenician power. The interest in regions outside the Mediterranean is supported by the notion that some coastal ports such as the present Portuguese port known as Peniche is claimed to derive from the Greek for Phoenicia.[21] Moreover, there are many Phoenician remains to be found along the Portuguese coast.[22] Such exploits beyond the Mediterranean may have partially been encouraged by the fact that the Greeks had prevented Carthage from gaining access to the home ports.[23] Indeed, it may have been the rise in Greek power that led to Carthage becoming such an important city port for the Phoenicians in the central Mediterranean and could have been a factor leading, in the 8th century B.C., to Carthage succeeding Tyre as the main Phoenician city. There is also some evidence that the Phoenicians may have even reached some of the Atlantic islands such as the Azores and Canaries.[24] Ultimately, it was the rise in Greek power in the east, the barrier of the Atlantic in the west and the rise of Rome that bought an end to Phoenician power.[25] In sum, the Phoenician influence along the Mediterranean coastline appears to be both a consequence of great initiative and impressive seafaring skills that was instigated by the promise of trade and pressures from the rise in other Mediterranean powers to the east. Types of Boats The initial attempts in seafaring by Phoenicians are thought to have been quite crude based on travel between islands by means of rafts followed by more sophisticated but still crude sailing vessels inspired by the need to fish.[26] The first boats seemed to have consisted of a keel, a rounded hull and a raised platform for the steersman with the oars intersecting the bulwark.[27] This formed a template for a subsequent craft where four upright rowers operated curved oars in a boat that lacked a rudder with a mast held aloft by two ropes secured at the front and rear of the vessel. The mast, however, seems not to have been used for a sail, but to support a viewing structure from which an archer or other attacker was able to launch missiles. From this, a larger vessel evolved with a low bow and raised stern with a rudder with a pointed prow and oars on each side of about fifteen to twenty in number that the Greeks referred to as triaconters and penteconters that are represented on coi ns but were shown without a mast so must have been a type of refined rowing boat. Around 700 B.C. further advances occurred in ship construction in that, instead of being situated on one level, rowers were now placed on two levels thus doubling the number of oarsmen. These vessels were known as â€Å"biremes† by the Greeks and incorporated two steering oars issuing from the stern some with a mast and yardarm to support a sail that came in two forms one designed for war, the â€Å"long ship†, and another, with a more rounded prow used for the purpose of trade.[28] Inspired by the Greek example, the Phoenicians also went on to develop their own version of the trireme with three levels of rowers.[29] The size of these vessels can be gauged by the fact that the top level consisted of 31 rowers.[30] The Phoenicians have also been credited with inventing both the keel and ram as well as the caulking of planks with bitumen though some believe that the ram or beaked prow is said to have been adopted by the Phoenicians from the Mycenaeans It was the use of an adjustable sail, more oarsmen and a double steering oar that led to increased speed and manoeuvrability allowing the furthest points of the Mediterranean to be reached and it was the round-shaped merchant ships called â€Å"gaulos† that was mainly relied on in this respect.[31] Such innovations to ship construction illustrate the commitment of the Phoenicians to seafaring and their seafaring skills were so renowned throughout the ancient world that Phoenician ships and sailors were often co-opted into foreign war fleets.[32] Navigation The Phoenicians are thought to have invented the art of navigation. They used oars when there was little or no wind and large square sails at other times. Although they obviously practiced coastal navigation, the distribution of ports indicates that more long distance open sea voyages were also undertaken.[33] The fact that the Phoenicians had important centres at Sardinia, Sicily and Ibiza suggests that they often sailed the high seas. This would have involved extended periods at sea essential for the effective transportation of goods. They would probably, however, have employed short coastal journeys to travel from one port to the next but relied on deep sea navigation for longer voyages[34] and in places like the Aegean, with the many islands and dangerous currents, oars would have been used rather than sails. It is thought that the Phoenicians were also able to sail at night and used the Pole star and knowledge of astronomy for navigation. This knowledge along with the fact that , given favourable viewing conditions, land is nearly always visible anywhere in the Mediterranean -allowed the Phoenicians to use their seafaring skills to good effect. Conclusion The Phoenicians obviously depended on seafaring skills in order to extend trade links and their influence throughout the Mediterranean and beyond. This seems to have gone hand in hand with a need to develop more sea worthy vessels and navigational abilities to venture further into the open seas. Evidence from historical documents, such as found in Herodotus and others, indicate the extent of Phoenician maritime skills that evolved in tandem with the foundation of ever distant colonies and trading outposts. These skills seem to have been further encouraged by the advantages that came from the home ports being located where raw material from the west, which were in demand by countries in the Levant, could be traded for finished products. The Phoenicians were able to exploit this further by producing high quality manufactured goods that were exported to all areas thus increasing their economic power and wealth that allowed more sophisticated ships to be built for longer voyages. This te ndency is reflected in the progressive growth in Phoenician influence and colonisation from east to west from about 12,000 B.C. onwards. Trade went first, however, with colonisation following when the opportunity arose. Ultimately, however, Phoenician influence may have declined in the Mediterranean due to an over-reliance on seafaring that was unable to compete with more land based powers. In other words, their greatest strength eventually became their greatest weakness. Bibliography Aubert, M. E. (2001) The Phoenicians and the West – Politics, Colonies and Trade. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. Boardman, J. Edwards, I. E. S., Hammond N. G. L. (1991) ‘Preface’ in, The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries B.C. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. Basch, L. (1969) Phoenician Oared Ships. The Mariner’s Mirror. 55, pp. 139-162. Barnett, R.D. (1958) Early Shipping in the Near East. Antiquity 32 (128): pp. 220-230. Bass, G. F. (1972) A History of Seafaring based on Under-water Archaeology. Walker Company: London. Boucher-Colozier, E. 1953. Cahiers de Byrsa III, 11. Casson, L. (1971) Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World. Princeton University Press: Princeton. Culican, W. (1991) ‘Phoenicia and Phoenician colonization.’ In The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries. B.C. J. Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, N. G. L Hammond, editors. (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge) pp. 461-545. de Sà ©lincourt, A. (1959) The Histories (Herodotus). Penguin: Harmonsworth. Diodorus Siculus. (1935) Library of History. C. H. Loeb Classical Library. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA. Frankenstein, S. 1979 ‘The Phoenicians in the Far West: a function of Neo-Assyrian imperialism. In, Power and Propoganda. A Symposium on Ancient Empires. M. T. Larsen, editor. (Akademisk Forlag: Copenhagen) pp. 263-294. Guthrie, J. 1970. Bizzare Ships of the Nineteenth Century. Hutchinson: London. Grayson, A. K. (1991) Boardman, J. Edwards, I. E. S., Hammond N. G. L. (1991) ‘Assyrian Civilization’. In The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries B.C. J. Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, N. G. L Hammond, editors. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. pp. 194-228. Greenberg, M. (1997) Ezekiel 21-37: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. Anchor Bible, Vol 22A. Doubleday: New York. Harden, D. (1948) The Phoenician on the West Coast of Africa. Antiquity. 22: p. 147. Harden, D. (1962) The Phoenicians. Thames and Hudson: London. Harrison, R. J. (1988) Spain at the Dawn of History: Iberian, Phoenicians and Greeks. Thames and Hudson: London. Hencken, O’Neil. H. (1932) The Archaeology of Cornwall and Scilly. Methuen: London. Hill, G. F. (1910) Greek Coins of Phoenicia. British Museum. Holst, S. (2005) Phoenicians: Lebanon’s Epic Heritage. Cambridge and Boston Press: Los Angeles. Moscati, S. and Grassi, P. (2001) The Phoenicians. I.B. Tauris: London. Perrot G. and Chipiez, C. (1893) Histoire de lArt dans lAntiquità ©. Hachette: Paris. Rawlinson, G. (2004) History of Phoenicia. Kessinger:Montana Tilley, A. (2004) Seafaring on the Ancient Mediterranean. BAR International Series. 1268. Archaeopress/J. and E. Hedges: Oxford. 1 Footnotes [1] Holst, 2005 [2] See, for example, Judgement of Ezekiel 26-1– â€Å"Judgement on Tyre† in Greenberg, 1997 [3] Perrot and Chipiez, 1893 [4] Culican, 1991 [5] Tilley 2004 p. 76 [6] Tilley, 2004; p. 77 [7] Bass, 1972 [8] Tilley, 2004; p. 78 [9] Harden, 1962; p. 158. [10] Moscati and Grassi, 2001; p.85. [11] Harrison 1988; p. 42 [12] See, for example, Boucher-Colozier, 1953 [13] Hill, 1910 [14] Frankenstein, 1979 [15] Aubert, 2001; p. 70 [16] Culican 1991; p. 486 [17] Harrison, 1988 [18] see de Sà ©lincourt, 1959 [19] Harden, 1962; p. 171 [20] Hencken, 1932. [21] Guthrie, 1970; p. 103 [22] Tilley, 2004; p. 80 [23] Harden, 1962; p.171 [24] See, for example, Diodorus Siculus 1935 v. 20; Harden, 1948 [25] Boardman et al. 1991; p. xvi. [26] Rawlinson,; 2004 p. 122. [27] Ibid. [28] Perrot and Chipiez, 1893; p. 34 [29] Basch, 1969 [30] Casson, 1971 p. 95 [31] Barnett, 1958 [32] Grayson,1991; p. 220 [33] Aubert, 2001; p. 167 [34] Moscati and Grassi (2001); p. 84

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Jamaica’s Slave Population and Reggae Music :: essays papers

Jamaica’s Slave Population and Reggae Music Rape. Murder. Incest. Serial killers. Civil wars. Atomic bombs. Concentration Camps. Internment Camps. Prisoner of war. Capital punishment. Domestic abuse. Hate crimes. Natural disasters. Poverty. Suicides. Corruption. All of these things are awful problems that our world has encountered. But one very important problem is not listed. That problem is slavery. Slavery was, and is, one of the worst things our world has ever had to face and deal with, yet it is not talked about like rape and murder are. We avoid talking about slavery, why? We do not want to admit that it existed, that we made a huge mistake? People are in denial? I am not quite such why slavery has not been talked about more or why more people do not know more about slavery. I believe it is time to change that. I chose to write my reggae paper on how Jamaican slavery influenced, and is reflected in, reggae music. I decided to research this topic because I find it intriguing. Slavery, in my mind, is the most awful existence a person can experience. I do not think I will ever be able to fully comprehend how one human being could treat a fellow human being with such disregard. Every country has had some interaction with slavery, whether in the past or present. It is unbelievable that few people truly understand how prevalent and awful slavery was and still is. My paper will guide you through the history of Jamaican slavery, while inserting popular reggae music which I feel exemplifies the point I am trying to make: the history or Jamaica has affected reggae music. My paper describes the Transatlantic Journey, British rule in Jamaica, and what happened to the Jamaican people once they were emancipated. I feel that the lyrics I have chosen to incorporate into my paper are prime examples of how such popular reggae artists, such as Bob Marley and Burning Spear, were influenced by the oppression of their people. How Could Something As Awful As Slavery Have Begun†¦ Before I conducted my research, I was troubled over the fact that something as awful as slavery could be justified and executed. I could not comprehend how something of this magnitude could ever be carried out. It was a race destroying itself. I came to understand that slavery, just like every other awful thing that goes on in this world, was concealed as something else.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Aquatic Biomes and Tropical Rainforest Essay

An aquatic biome is an ecological community dominated by water. This biome can be broken down into two categories: oFreshwater, which includes rivers, streams, ponds, lakes and freshwater wetland. oMarine or saltwater, which includes oceans, seas, estuaries, coral reefs and saltwater wetland. Each of these aquatic ecosystems can be defined by variables such as temperature, the presence or absence of light, and the availability of nutrients. Aquatic biomes cover almost all the world (around 75% of the surface) and only 3% of them are freshwaters. Freshwater ecosystems This ecosystem is defined as having a low salt concentration of less than 1%. It helps to make up all the different animals’ life in this planet. Ponds and lakes range in size from few yards to thousands miles across, and they are divided into the littoral zone, limnetic zone and the profundal zone. The littoral zone is the part of the lake or pond which is shallow and located near the shoreline. In this zone there is abundant light, nutrients and plants. Those plants provide protection and food for animals, insects and crustaceans. The limnetic zone is offshore, where the water is deep and it receives enough sunlight to support life. There are tiny forms of life called as phytoplankton, which are tiny plant forms, and zooplankton, which are tiny animal forms. Those tiny forms of life lead to bigger animals’ life such as fish, which feed from those planktons. The profundal zone is beneath the limnetic zone, where it doesn’t receive light to sustain plants’ life. The organisms that die from above this zone settle down and are being eaten by decomposers. Because ponds and lakes are isolated from other bodies of water, they don’t have new species of animals or plant, or it is limited. Streams and rivers are defined by the flow of water in one direction. The source of these regions can be the snowmelt from the mountains, runoff of rains, or the outflows of a lake. They flow until they empty into another body of water and they usually lead ultimately to oceans. The flow of water of streams and rivers changes as it moves. At high elevations (mountains), the water’s flow moves swiftly and makes them clear and oxygenated. As it moves slower, it allows a more diversity of plants and animals. Because the water’s flow moves slowly, it carries more sediment and there is less oxygen in the water. Wetlands are standing water’s regions that support aquatic life. Wetlands can receive many names such as swamps, marshes and bogs. Marine or saltwater This ecosystem is defined by its high salt concentration. Oceans are the large aquatic ecosystem that dominates the Earth’s surface. It is divided into four zones: the intertidal zone, the pelagic zone, the benthic zone and the abyssal zone. The intertidal zone is the area that is covered and uncovered with the rising and falling of tides. Because of this, the communities are constantly changing and most of the living organisms live only where the high tides reach. The pelagic zone is the area away from the lands, which is the open ocean. This zone receives little sunlight and it has abundant plankton, which feed animals such as whales. In this zone, there are still some plants anchored to the bottom of the shore. The benthic zone is beneath the pelagic zone and it doesn’t receive sunlight, which makes it darker and colder. The abyssal zone is the deepest area beneath the benthic zone. This area is very cold, it has a great pressure, but it has a low nutrient level. Coral reefs are abundant in tropical water and it consists of a barrier of corals, anemones, and algae. The sunlight penetrates this area, which makes the water clearer and allows a diversity of living organisms. Estuaries are those areas in which freshwater merge with the ocean. This supports animals such as oysters, worms, and crabs; and supports plants such as algae and seaweeds. Tropical Rainforest Biome This is the most diverse terrestrial biome on Earth. It has a warm and moist environment and is dominated by broadleaf evergreen trees. The combination of constant warmth and moisture makes the tropical rainforest a great environment for many plants and animals, which made this biome as the only one that contains the greatest biodiversity in the world. Because of the great quantity of trees in this biome, the soil is infertile and acidic. This is because when an organism decomposes in the soil, the plants absorb it quickly for their quick grow and survival. This biome has several layers of vegetation. The tallest trees reach approximately 50 meters; below them there is a continuous canopy of treetop of approximately 40 meters. And the lower level is composed by small plants, mosses, and fungi. Most of the fauna in this biome is arboreal because the food near the ground is scarce.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Part One Sunday

6.11 A casual vacancy is deemed to have occurred: (a) when a local councillor fails to make his declaration of acceptance of office within the proper time; or (b) when his notice of resignation is received; or (c) on the day of his death †¦ Charles Arnold-Baker Local Council Administration, Seventh Edition Barry Fairbrother did not want to go out to dinner. He had endured a thumping headache for most of the weekend and was struggling to make a deadline for the local newspaper. However, his wife had been a little stiff and uncommunicative over lunch, and Barry deduced that his anniversary card had not mitigated the crime of shutting himself away in the study all morning. It did not help that he had been writing about Krystal, whom Mary disliked, although she pretended otherwise. ‘Mary, I want to take you out to dinner,' he had lied, to break the frost. ‘Nineteen years, kids! Nineteen years, and your mother's never looked lovelier.' Mary had softened and smiled, so Barry had telephoned the golf club, because it was nearby and they were sure of getting a table. He tried to give his wife pleasure in little ways, because he had come to realize, after nearly two decades together, how often he disappointed her in the big things. It was never intentional. They simply had very different notions of what ought to take up most space in life. Barry and Mary's four children were past the age of needing a babysitter. They were watching television when he said goodbye to them for the last time, and only Declan, the youngest, turned to look at him, and raised his hand in farewell. Barry's headache continued to thump behind his ear as he reversed out of the drive and set off through the pretty little town of Pagford, where they had lived as long as they had been married. They drove down Church Row, the steeply sloping street where the most expensive houses stood in all their Victorian extravagance and solidity, around the corner by the mock-Gothic church, where he had once watched his twin girls perform Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, and across the Square, where they had a clear view of the dark skeleton of the ruined abbey that dominated the town's skyline, set high on a hill, melding with the violet sky. All Barry could think of as he twiddled the steering wheel, navigating the familiar turns, were the mistakes he was sure he had made, rushing to finish the article he had just emailed to the Yarvil and District Gazette. Garrulous and engaging in person, he found it difficult to carry his personality onto paper. The golf club lay a mere four minutes away from the Square, a little beyond the point where the town petered out in a final wheeze of old cottages. Barry parked the people-carrier outside the club restaurant, the Birdie, and stood for a moment beside the car, while Mary reapplied her lipstick. The cool evening air was pleasant on his face. As he watched the contours of the golf course disintegrating into the dusk, Barry wondered why he kept up his membership. He was a bad golfer: his swing was erratic and his handicap was high. He had so many other calls on his time. His head throbbed worse than ever. Mary switched off the mirror light and closed the passenger side door. Barry pressed the auto-lock on the key-ring in his hand; his wife's high heels clacked on the tarmac, the car's locking system beeped, and Barry wondered whether his nausea might abate once he had eaten. Then pain such as he had never experienced sliced through his brain like a demolition ball. He barely noticed the smarting of his knees as they smacked onto the cold tarmac; his skull was awash with fire and blood; the agony was excruciating beyond endurance, except that endure it he must, for oblivion was still a minute away. Mary screamed – and kept screaming. Several men came running from the bar. One of them sprinted back inside the building to see whether either of the club's retired doctors was present. A married couple, acquaintances of Barry and Mary's, heard the commotion from the restaurant, abandoned their starters and hurried outside to see what they could do. The husband called 999 on his mobile. The ambulance had to come from the neighbouring city of Yarvil, and it took twenty-five minutes to reach them. By the time the pulsing blue light slid over the scene, Barry was lying motionless and unresponsive on the ground in a pool of his own vomit; Mary was crouching beside him, the knees of her tights ripped, clutching his hand, sobbing and whispering his name.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Korean War1 essays

Korean War1 essays The Korean War was the first war in which the United Nations played a major role in. It was also part of the cold war between the US and Soviet Union. One of the deadliest war in history, it took many lives in such a short span of time of three years. Even after all these deaths, the conflict isn't completely resolved in Korea. There are still American troops stationed in South Korea, in case the Communists decide to take aggressive action. In WW II, Japan had gained control in Korea. At the end, when Japan was defeated by the Allies, the US and Soviet forces moved in Korea . Korea was divided to serve as the purpose to move the Japanese troops out. The line which was at the 38th parallel divided the country in about half. The Soviet forces were responsible for the north and the US for the south part of Korea. Later, this partition was made permanent. In 1947, the UN declared for elections to be held in all of Korea to decide one government for the country. However, North Korea refused to take part in the elections and didn't allow it. So on May 10, 1948, South Korea voted for a national assembly which set up the Republic of Korea. On September 9, North Korea set up the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. North and South Korea claimed the whole country and their troops fought several times between 1948-1950. The US removed it's troops from South Korea in 1949. It also said that Korea was outside of US defense line. North Korea saw it's chance for military action to take over South Korea. In June 1950, North Korea surprised South Korea with an attack. At the time, the North Korean Army had 135,000 soldiers, most of them veterans of WW II. It also had airplanes, tanks, and artillery that outnumbered South Korea by three to one. On the other hand, South Korea had 65,000 combat troops who had small arms and light artillery. On the day the war began, the UN Security Council issued a resolution demanding th...

Monday, November 4, 2019

The Impact of September 11 Attacks on the US Foreign Policy Research Paper

The Impact of September 11 Attacks on the US Foreign Policy - Research Paper Example This paper is basically an effort to describe the very important political event of September 11 attacks in relation to the influence it exerted on America’s foreign policy and international relations. The paper also discusses myriad ways by which US had to transform its international relations and alter foreign policy decisions according to the theories of international politics. On the morning of September 11, four commercial US airlines were hijacked by some 19 hijackers who were believed to be associated with Al-Qaeda and two of those hijacked jets were intentionally flown into the North and South towers of the World Trade Center. The third plane got crashed into the ground due to the angry passengers’ involvement and the last plane was deliberately flown into the important building of Pentagon. As a result, thousands of people died and many got badly injured for life. Most of the people who died from the attacks happened to be innocent civilians and a minority belo nged to the military forces who ran to the attacked places to save the public. The impact zones where planes hit the North and South Towers made it virtually impossible for anyone above and below the impact zones to make an escape from the buildings, rather many hundreds of people got trapped in the poisonous fumes and dust and died of smoke inhalations after remaining entrapped for terribly long hours. However, the South Tower got attacked after the North Tower which is why significantly lesser casualties were reported in this tower as the military officials started evacuating the building immediately after the first tower got struck. US also changed economically a lot as the destruction of the towers cast serious and irreparable damage to the economy of the busy area of lower Manhattan as a result of which seriously bad and devastating influence was exerted in the global markets and ultimately it all culminated in global economic recession. US economic recession was also fomented to a large extent by the practice of investing many billions of dollars in the wars against Afghanistan and Iraq under Bush administration. Prior to attacks, the approach taken by Washington concerning the rest of the world was relatively unfocused and it became definitely very much focused after attacks. America really had no significant thoughts nor any decisions were made about other countries as the Cold War has already ended a decade earlier and also victory was bagged by US in the Cold War as the enemy in the form of Soviet Union got defeated which had earlier on managed to give a focus to Washington’s approach to the world. Post 9/11, this focus again shifted but this time the influence produced happened to be long-term and much more demanding, tiring, and exhausting for both US government and public than ever before. US took these attacks made on September 11 as a threat to not only US law, order and peace but a serious menace to global law and order which is why the important officials sat together and with agreement launched a very extensive War on Terror by first invading Afghanistan and later Iraq to combat against the Taliban belonging to Al-Qaeda and defeat them. Most of the Taliban resided in

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Case study (Social work) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Case study (Social work) - Essay Example Although social workers are activists for groups that are oppressed within society, they may not recognize their own privilege as educated people. Badwall, O’Connor and Rossiter, (2004) in exploration of organizational change as a reflective process present a case study that examines how privilege and oppression impact on change induced conflict within a social agency. The conflict is considered and discussed by three personnel working within the agency. This paper will examine this case study from each of four perspectives: individual, systems, structural and community; the individual perspective will identify the strengths of each of the main characters and the central conflicts created within the agency; the systems perspective will discuss how change impacts on the interrelations between the organization and its personnel; the structural perspective will focus on how institutionally embedded injustices, such as race, class and gender influence specific individuals and the organization as a whole; the community perspective will identify and explain one specific social problem that exists within the case study community. I. Individual Perspective There are number of organizational changes such as anticipatory, reactive, incremental, strategic, as well as changes through tuning, adaptation, reorientation and recreation. These changes are unavoidable in human organizations and have consequences for the way that individuals respond. Human responses in this changing environment are diverse. In this regard, anticipatory changes are characterized by the changes in an organization that can be anticipated and can be prepared for by virtue of planning and proactive strategies. Reactive changes refer to changes made in response to an unanticipated situation within the organization. Incremental changes occur by virtue of the introduction of new subsystems to the organization’s constructs; while strategic changes take place when an alteration in the organiz ation results in the application of a new strategy as a means of taking the organization in a more appropriate direction. Individuals respond to these changes in diverse ways; some may respond with unrealistic optimism or feelings of shock on acceptance of the reality of the situation or they can view those changes as constructive institutional direction. These responses manifest in different ways, such as laughing off the changes or regarding them with suspicion or by simply accepting those changes without question. Essentially organizational change or any alteration to normative structures can be perceived differently by individuals. II. Strength of main characters Amy’s strength is her academic background and knowledge of social issues; as a white female academic, she took a year-long sabbatical in order to connect her academic experience with the practical reality of working in the field. She was determined to expose the link between the university’s social work pr ogram and the community’s social work. With this motivation, Amy joined the health agency and began work as an assistant to the receptionist, a post she felt provided an effective opportunity for her to become more acquainted with the staff members and clientele. She also thought it could help her learn about the structural premise of the organization such as its objectives, health programs and other projects and services. During her post Amy became familiar with a project designed

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Creative Intelligence and Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Creative Intelligence and Leadership - Essay Example In an organizational setting, innovation will enable the business organization to find new ways to doing business that would make them competitive in the marketplace. Design will make their products and services better while creativity will open endless possibilities to the organization to create opportunities as well as find new solutions to existing problems. Or, propose new ways that can debunk an existing method and processes that would save the company resources and make it more competitive in the market. These three items are crucial in meeting organizational objectives. Innovation, design and creativity are capabilities that enable organizations to create and perform better at a lower cost. This is consistent with the organization’s objectives which is not only to improve its bottom line but also to make the organization relevant in the marketplace as well as society by enabling it to create better products and services that does not only make profit but also serves society as